View source for MemEOL Test

<p>This membrane end-of-life (MemEOL) tool is aimed at promoting better practices in the desalination industry by helping users identify and select the optimum end-of-life option for their used reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. This dynamic and interactive educational tool uses inputs on membrane condition and the relative importance of a number of key criteria to provide recommendation and further information about available end-of-life options.</p>
<p>As user feedback is obtained, and more available end-of-life options are identified and characterised, this tool will become a powerful source of information for membrane users. Ultimately, this tool will include a membrane reuse database, which will allow users to find and contact groups with surplus membrane supplies, thus promoting and simplifying direct membrane reuse. This tool has a significant focus on the Australian desalination industry, but the primary information is highly applicable to countries around the world. Additionally, as the data sources for this tool are not case specific, it should only be considered an educational tool aimed at providing preliminary recommendations to users.</p><p>
<html>
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.bootstrapvalidator/0.5.2/css/bootstrapValidator.min.css"/>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery.bootstrapvalidator/0.5.2/js/bootstrapValidator.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.desalwiki.che.unsw.edu.au/w/other/fnagel-jquery-ui-678127e/ui/jquery.ui.widget.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.desalwiki.che.unsw.edu.au/w/other/fnagel-jquery-ui-678127e/ui/jquery.ui.position.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.desalwiki.che.unsw.edu.au/w/other/fnagel-jquery-ui-678127e/ui/jquery.ui.selectmenu.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.desalwiki.che.unsw.edu.au/w/other/fnagel-jquery-ui-678127e/themes/base/jquery.ui.selectmenu.css"/>
    <script>
    $( document ).ready(function() {
        mw.loader.using( 'jquery.ui.sortable', function () {
            $( ".sortable-criteria" ).sortable({
                revert: true
            });
            $( "ul, li" ).disableSelection();
        });
    });

    var dictionaryMagicNumbers = {
        "Options":["Financial","Effort Required","Environmental Impact","Landfill Impact","Public Perception"],
        "Landfill":[0.5,1,0.071948388,0,0.25],
        "Incineration":[0.25,0,0,1,0],
        "Syngas":[0.25,0.5,0.316055413,0.752683602,0.5],
        "EAF":[0.25,0.25,0.393937055,0.934453418,0.5],
        "Material Recycling":[0.25,0.5,0.530903672,0.431342056,1],
        "Conversion to UF":[0.5,0.25,0.852049802,0.324296173,0.5],
        "Reuse as RO":[0.75,0.75,1,0.324296173,0.75]
    };

    var centroidWeightMagicNumbers = {
        "1":[0.456666667],
        "2":[0.256666667],
        "3":[0.156666667],
        "4":[0.09],
        "5":[0.04]
    };

    var CONST_LANDFILL = 'landfill';
    var CONST_INCINERATION = 'incineration';
    var CONST_SYNGAS = 'syngas';
    var CONST_EAF = 'eaf';
    var CONST_MAT_RECYCLE = 'material_recycling';
    var CONST_CONV_TO_UF = 'conversion_to_uf';
    var CONST_REUSE_RO = 'reuse_as_ro';

    var rangesRO = {
        "Designation":["High quality SWRO","High quality BWRO","Medium quality BWRO","Low quality BWRO","Medium quality NF"],
        "High NaCl rejection range (%)":[99.9,99.7,99.2,98,96],
        "Low NaCl rejection range (%)":[99.60,99.20,98.00,96.00,80.00],
        "Min permeability range (l.m-2.h-1.bar-1)":[0.45,1.60,1.60,1.00,5.00]
    };

    //create value from each iteration
    //store value in array

/*
    function getKeys(jsonArray){
        var keys = [];
            for (var key in dictionaryMagicNumbers) {
                if (jsonArray.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                    keys.push(key);
            }
        return keys;
    }

*/

    //determine the scores for each criterion
    function computePreferenceScores(preferences){
        console.log("preferences: " + String(preferences));
        var arrayLength = preferences.length;
        var centroidWeights = new Array(arrayLength);
        for (var i=0; i < arrayLength; i++) {
            centroidWeights[preferences[i]-1] = centroidWeightMagicNumbers[i+1];
            console.log(String(preferences[i]-1) + " | " + String(centroidWeightMagicNumbers[i+1]));
        }
        //now multiply each centroid weight by each magic number to get scores
        var j=0;
        var scores = new Array();
        for (var item in dictionaryMagicNumbers) {
            if(item == 'Options') continue;
            var k=0;
            scores[j]=0;
            for (var subItem in dictionaryMagicNumbers[item]) {
                console.log(String(item) + " - " + String(j) +"-" + String(k) +": "+ String(dictionaryMagicNumbers[item][subItem]) +" | "+ String(centroidWeights[k]));
                scores[j] = scores[j] + centroidWeights[k] * dictionaryMagicNumbers[item][subItem];
                k++;
            }
            console.log('Score: ' + String(scores[j]));
            j++;
        }
        return scores;
        //now that we have the scores we need to check them and display the correct output
    }

    function scoresArrayToObject(scores){
        //so we can reference the scores by a name
        var name = '';
        var scoresArrayLength = scores.length;
        var scoreObject = new Object();
        for (var i=0; i < scoresArrayLength; i++) {
            switch (i) {
                case 0:
                    name = CONST_LANDFILL;
                    break;
                case 1:
                    name = CONST_INCINERATION;
                    break;
                case 2:
                    name = CONST_SYNGAS;
                    break;
                case 3:
                    name = CONST_EAF;
                    break;
                case 4:
                    name = CONST_MAT_RECYCLE;
                    break;
                case 5:
                    name = CONST_CONV_TO_UF;
                    break;
                case 6:
                    name = CONST_REUSE_RO;
                    break;
                default:
                    name = "";
                    console.log('Error in switch statement. Criterion does not exist.');
                    throw new Error('Error in switch statement. Criterion does not exist.'); //break the script
            }
            scoreObject[name]=scores[i];
            console.log(name + ' ' + String(scores[i]));
        }
        return scoreObject;
        //now that we can access the scores by name we can make the additonal calculations for reuse as RO and conversion to UF
    }

    function conversionToUFCalc(scoreUF, damage){
        if(damage === 1){
            scoreUF = 0;
        }
        return scoreUF;
    }

    function calculateROReuseQuality(damage, permeability, saltRejection){
        var j=0;
        var k=0;
        //if the membrane is physically damaged it can not be reused for RO.
        if(damage===1){
            return -1;
        }
        for (var item in rangesRO) {
            console.log(rangesRO[item]);
            console.log(item);
            console.log(j);
            console.log(k);
            if(j===0){
                k=rangesRO[item].length;
            } else if (k!==rangesRO[item].length) {
                console.log('k!==rangesRO[item].length');
                throw new Error('k!==rangesRO[item].length.'); //break the script
            }
            j++;
            console.log(j);
            console.log(rangesRO[item]);
        }

        var y=0;
        for(y=0; y <= j; y++){
            //max < rejection < min. minPerm < perm
            if(rangesRO['High NaCl rejection range (%)'][y] >= saltRejection){
                console.log('rangesRO[High NaCl rejection range (%)][y] - saltRejection: ' + String(rangesRO['High NaCl rejection range (%)'][y]) + " - " + String(saltRejection));
                if(rangesRO['Low NaCl rejection range (%)'][y] <= saltRejection){
                    console.log('rangesRO[Low NaCl rejection range (%)][y] - saltRejection: ' + String(rangesRO['Low NaCl rejection range (%)'][y])+ " - " + String(saltRejection));
                    if(rangesRO['Min permeability range (l.m-2.h-1.bar-1)'][y] < permeability){
                        console.log('Min permeability range (l.m-2.h-1.bar-1)][y] - permeability: ' + String(rangesRO['Min permeability range (l.m-2.h-1.bar-1)'][y]) + " - " + String(permeability));
                        return y;
                    }
                }
            }
            console.log('y: ' + String(y));
        }
        console.log('out here');
        return -1;
    }

    function round(number, decimals) { return +(Math.round(number + "e+" + decimals) + "e-" + decimals); }


    function displayResults(maxName, secondName, roReuse){
        var maxClass = 'recommendation';
        var secondClass = 'alternative';
        displayResultsSwitch(maxClass, maxName);
        displayResultsSwitch(secondClass, secondName);
        if(maxName === CONST_REUSE_RO){
            displayResultsSwitchRO(maxClass, roReuse);
        } else if (secondName === CONST_REUSE_RO) {
            displayResultsSwitchRO(secondClass, roReuse);
        }
        return;
    }

    function displayResultsSwitch(switchClassCase, maxClass){
        switch (maxClass) {
            case CONST_LANDFILL:
                showHideElementsResultsPage(switchClassCase, CONST_LANDFILL);
                break;
            case CONST_INCINERATION:
                showHideElementsResultsPage(switchClassCase, CONST_INCINERATION);
                break;
            case CONST_SYNGAS:
                showHideElementsResultsPage(switchClassCase, CONST_SYNGAS);
                break;
            case CONST_EAF:
                showHideElementsResultsPage(switchClassCase, CONST_EAF);
                break;
            case CONST_MAT_RECYCLE:
                showHideElementsResultsPage(switchClassCase, CONST_MAT_RECYCLE);
                break;
            case CONST_CONV_TO_UF:
                showHideElementsResultsPage(switchClassCase, CONST_CONV_TO_UF);
                break;
            case CONST_REUSE_RO:
                showHideElementsResultsPage(switchClassCase, CONST_REUSE_RO);
                break;
            default:
                console.log('Error in  displayResultsSwitch(). Case default.');
                throw new Error('Error in  displayResultsSwitch(). Case default.'); //break the script
        }
        return;
    }

    function displayResultsSwitchRO(recomOrAltClass, roReuse){
        var alertSubheadingClass = 'reuse_as_ro_subheading';
        var tableRowClass = 'tablerow-reuse';
        switch (roReuse) {
            case 0:
                showHideElementsResultsPageThreeClasses(recomOrAltClass, alertSubheadingClass, 'reuse-0');
                highlightTableRow(tableRowClass, 'tablerow-reuse-0');
                break;
            case 1:
                showHideElementsResultsPageThreeClasses(recomOrAltClass, alertSubheadingClass, 'reuse-1');
                highlightTableRow(tableRowClass, 'tablerow-reuse-1');
                break;
            case 2:
                showHideElementsResultsPageThreeClasses(recomOrAltClass, alertSubheadingClass, 'reuse-2');
                highlightTableRow(tableRowClass, 'tablerow-reuse-2');
                break;
            case 3:
                showHideElementsResultsPageThreeClasses(recomOrAltClass, alertSubheadingClass, 'reuse-3');
                highlightTableRow(tableRowClass, 'tablerow-reuse-3');
                break;
            case 4:
                showHideElementsResultsPageThreeClasses(recomOrAltClass, alertSubheadingClass, 'reuse-4');
                highlightTableRow(tableRowClass, 'tablerow-reuse-4');
                break;
            default:
                console.log('Unsuitable for RO or NF.');
                break;            
        }
        return;
    }

    function highlightTableRow(rowClass, specificRowClass){
        $( "." + rowClass )
        .filter(":not(" + specificRowClass + ")").removeClass('info');
        $( "." + rowClass )
        .filter("." + specificRowClass).addClass('info');
        return;
    }

    function showHideElementsResultsPage(broadClassName, specificClassName){
        $( "." + broadClassName )
        .filter(":not(" + specificClassName + ")").fadeOut();
        $( "." + broadClassName )
        .filter("." + specificClassName).fadeIn();
        return;
    }

    function showHideElementsResultsPageThreeClasses(mostBroadClassName, broadClassName, specificClassName){
        $( "." + mostBroadClassName + "." + broadClassName)
        .filter(":not(" + specificClassName + ")").fadeOut();
        $( "." + mostBroadClassName + "." + broadClassName)
        .filter("." + specificClassName).fadeIn();
        return;
    }

    function displayMembranePerformanceTable(membraneModel, permeability, naclRejection){
        var permeateClassA = 'orig-membrane-performance-permeate';
        var naclClassA = 'orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection';
        var permeateClassB = 'curr-membrane-performance-permeate';        
        var naclClassB = 'curr-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection';
        showHideElementsResultsPage(permeateClassA, membraneModel);
        showHideElementsResultsPage(naclClassA, membraneModel);
        $( "." + permeateClassB ).text( permeability );
        $( "." + naclClassB ).text( naclRejection );
        $( "." + permeateClassB ).show();
        $( "." + naclClassB ).show();
    }

    //prefereces are coded to be 0-4 not 1-5
    function getPreferences(){
        var preferences = [];
        preferences = $(".sortable-criteria").sortable( "toArray", {attribute: 'value'} );
        return preferences;
    }

    function getPhysicalDamage(){
        var result = $('input[name="damagedMembranes"]:checked').val();
        //damagedMembranesYes damagedMembranesNo
        if(result === 'damagedMembranesYes'){
            return 1;
        } else {
            return 0;
        } 
    }

    //OLD
    /*
    function getPermeability(){
        var result = $('#testedPermeability').val();
        return result;
    }
    */

    function getPermeability(){
        var flux = getFlux();
        var fluxUnits = getFluxUnits();
        console.log('flux: ' + String(flux) + " " + String (fluxUnits));
        //convert to L/m2/h
        if(fluxUnits=="2"){
            flux = flux*3.78541/0.092903/24;
        } else if(fluxUnits=="3"){
            flux = flux*1000*60*60;
        }
        var pressure = getPressure();
        var pressureUnits = getPressureUnits();
        console.log('pressure: ' + String(pressure) + " " + String (pressureUnits));
        //convert to bar
        if(pressureUnits=="1"){
            pressure = pressure/0.0689475729;
        } else if(pressureUnits=="3"){
            pressure = pressure/0.01;
        }
        var result = flux/pressure;
        console.log('flux/pressure: ' + String(result));
        return result;
    }

    function getFlux(){
        var result = $('#testedFlux').val();
        return result;
    }

    function getFluxUnits(){
        var result = $('#testedFluxUnits').val();
        return result;
    }

    function getPressure(){
        var result = $('#testedPressure').val();
        return result;
    }

    function getPressureUnits(){
        var result = $('#testedPressureUnits').val();
        return result;
    }

    function getNaClRejection(){
        var result = $('#NaClRejection').val();
        return result;
    }

    function getMembraneSupplier(){
        var result = $( "#membraneSupplier" ).val();
        return result;
    }

    function getMembraneModel(){
        var displayed = $('.membraneModels').filter(function() {
        var element = $(this);
        if(element.css('display') == 'none') {
        element.remove();
        return false;
        }
        return true;
        });
        console.log("displayed: " + displayed.attr("id"));
        var result = displayed.attr("id");
        result = $('#membraneModel' + result).val();
        console.log(result);
        return result;
    }

    function initialise(){
        var preferences = getPreferences(); //get preferences
        var scores = computePreferenceScores(preferences); //calculate matrix and produce scores for each criterion
        console.log(scores);
        var scoreObject = scoresArrayToObject(scores); //convert from array to object
        //now that we can access the scores by name we can make the additonal calculations for reuse as RO and conversion to UF
        for (var property in scoreObject) {
            if (scoreObject.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                console.log(scoreObject[property]);
            }
        }
        //adjust UF score
        if(scoreObject.hasOwnProperty(CONST_CONV_TO_UF)){
            scoreObject[CONST_CONV_TO_UF] = conversionToUFCalc(scoreObject[CONST_CONV_TO_UF], getPhysicalDamage());
        }
        for (var property in scoreObject) {
            if (scoreObject.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                console.log(scoreObject[property]);
            }
        }
        //adjust RO score & determine RO reuse quality
        var roReuseResult=0;
        if(scoreObject.hasOwnProperty(CONST_REUSE_RO)){
            console.log('physical damage: ' + String(getPhysicalDamage()));
            console.log('permeability: ' + String(getPermeability()));
            console.log('salt rejection: ' + String(getNaClRejection()));
            roReuseResult = calculateROReuseQuality(getPhysicalDamage(), getPermeability(), getNaClRejection());
            displayMembranePerformanceTable(getMembraneModel(), round(getPermeability(),3), round(getNaClRejection(),2));
            if (getMembraneSupplier() == 'Other'){
                var skipPage = true; 
            } else {
                var skipPage = false;
            }
            console.log('roReuseResult: ' + String(roReuseResult));
            if(roReuseResult===-1){
                scoreObject[CONST_REUSE_RO]=0;
            }
        }
        //determine highest score & second highest scores
        var max=-1;
        var maxName="";
        var second=-1;
        var secondName="";
        for (var property in scoreObject) {
            if (scoreObject.hasOwnProperty(property)) {
                if(scoreObject[property]>max){
                    if(max>second){
                        second=max;
                        secondName=maxName;
                    }
                    max = scoreObject[property];
                    maxName=property;
                } else if (scoreObject[property]===max) {
                    second = scoreObject[property];
                    secondName=property;
                    //ignore case that max===second===third
                } else if (scoreObject[property]>=second) {
                    second = scoreObject[property];
                    secondName=property;
                } 
            }
            console.log(property + ': ' + String(scoreObject[property]));
            console.log(maxName + ': ' + String(max));
            console.log(secondName + ': ' + String(second));
        }
        console.log('final ' + maxName + ': ' + String(max));
        console.log('final ' + secondName + ': ' + String(second));

        displayResults(maxName, secondName, roReuseResult);
        $('.nav-pills > .active').next('li').find('a').trigger('click');
        if(skipPage){
        $('.nav-pills > .active').next('li').find('a').trigger('click');        
        }
    }

    $( document ).ready(function() {
        mw.loader.using( ['jquery.ui.core', 'jquery.ui.position', 'jquery.ui.widget', 'ext.bootstrap','ext.bootstrap.scripts', 'ext.bootstrap.styles'], function () {
            $('.form-memEOL').bootstrapValidator()
            .on('success.form.bv', function( event ) {
            // Prevent form submission 
                event.preventDefault();
                initialise();
                //$('.nav-pills > .active').next('li').find('a').trigger('click');
            });
            $( ".memEOL-submit" )
            .filter(":button")
            .button()
            .click(function( event ) {
                event.preventDefault(); //lock the button for now.
                initialise();
            });

            $( ".memEOL-questions" )
            .filter(":button")
            .button()
            .click(function( event ) {
                $('.nav-pills > .active').prev('li').find('a').trigger('click');
                event.preventDefault();
            });
            $( ".memEOL-feedback" )
            .filter(":button")
            .button()
            .click(function( event ) {
                $('.nav-pills > .active').next('li').find('a').trigger('click');
                event.preventDefault();
            });
 
            $( "#membraneSupplier" ).selectmenu({
              change: function( event, data ) {
                var supplier = $('#membraneSupplier').val();
                showHideElementsResultsPage("membraneModels", supplier);
              }
             });

        });
    });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<ul class="nav nav-pills">
<li class="active"><a data-toggle="pill" href="#reuse_tool_section1">Questions</a></li>
<li class=""><a data-toggle="pill" href="#reuse_tool_section2">Membrane Performance</a></li>
<li class=""><a data-toggle="pill" href="#reuse_tool_section3">Recommendations</a></li>
<li class=""><a data-toggle="pill" href="#reuse_tool_section4">Feedback</a></li>
</ul>
</body></html>
<html><head></head>
<body><form class="form-memEOL" 
    data-bv-message="This value is not valid" 
    data-bv-feedbackicons-valid="glyphicon glyphicon-ok" 
    data-bv-feedbackicons-invalid="glyphicon glyphicon-remove" 
    data-bv-feedbackicons-validating="glyphicon glyphicon-refresh"
    data-bv-submitbuttons='button[type="submit"]'
    data-bv-live="enabled"></body>
</html>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="reuse_tool_section1" class="tab-pane panel panel-primary fade active in">
<div class="panel-heading">Do you suspect there is any [[Membrane Autopsy Techniques| physical damage ]] to the membranes?</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<html><head></head><body>
<!--<div class="form-inline">-->
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<!--<div class="">-->
<label for="damagedMembranesNo" class="radio"><input type="radio" class="control-label" name="damagedMembranes" id="damagedMembranesNo" value="damagedMembranesNo" data-bv-notempty="true" data-bv-notempty-message="Please indicate if the membrane has been damaged." />No</label>
<label for="damagedMembranesYes" class="radio"><input type="radio" class="control-label" name="damagedMembranes" id="damagedMembranesYes" value="damagedMembranesYes" />Yes</label>
<!--</div>-->
<!--</div>-->
</div>
</div>
</body></html>
</div>
<ul class="list-group">
<li class="list-group-item">[[Membrane Autopsy Techniques|Find out more about membrane damage.]]</li>
</ul>
<div class="panel-heading">Please provide the following information about your membrane:</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<html><head></head><body>

<div class="row">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-6">
    <div class="dropdown">
    <fieldset>
    <select class="form-control membrane-supplier-form" id="membraneSupplier" name="membraneSupplier">
    <option value="Other">Other</option>
    <option value="Toray">Toray</option>
    <option value="DOW">DOW</option>
    <option value="Hydranautics">Hydranautics</option>
    <option value="CSM">CSM</option>
    <option value="GE">GE</option>
    </select>
    </fieldset>
    </div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="dropdown">
    <div id="Toray" class="membraneModels Toray" style="display: none;">
    <select class="form-control membrane-model-form Toray" id="membraneModelToray" name="membraneModelToray">
    <option value="TM820C-370">TM820C-370</option>
    <option value="TM820C-400">TM820C-400</option>
    <option value="TM820f-400">TM820f-400</option>
    <option value="TM820e-400">TM820e-400</option>
    <option value="TM820L-400">TM820L-400</option>
    <option value="TM820R-400">TM820R-400</option>
    <option value="TM820K-400">TM820K-400</option>
    <option value="TM720-370">TM720-370</option>
    <option value="TM720-400">TM720-400</option>
    <option value="TM720-430">TM720-430</option>
    <option value="TM720L-400">TM720L-400</option>
    <option value="TML20-370">TML20-370</option>
    <option value="TML20-400">TML20-400</option>
    <option value="TMG20-400">TMG20-400</option>
    <option value="TMG20-430">TMG20-430</option>
    <option value="TMMH20A-370">TMMH20A-370</option>
    <option value="TMH20A-400">TMH20A-400</option>
    <option value="TMH20A-430">TMH20A-430</option>
    <option value="other">Other</option>
    </select>
    </div>
    <div id="DOW" class="membraneModels DOW" style="display: none;">
    <select class="form-control membrane-model-form DOW" id="membraneModelDOW" name="membraneModelDOW">
    <option value="SW30XKR-440i">SW30XKR-440i</option>
    <option value="SW30ULE-440i">SW30ULE-440i</option>
    <option value="SW30XLE-440i">SW30XLE-440i</option>
    <option value="SW30HRLE-440i">SW30HRLE-440i</option>
    <option value="SW30XHR-400i">SW30XHR-400i</option>
    <option value="SW30ULE-400i">SW30ULE-400i</option>
    <option value="SW30XLE-400i">SW30XLE-400i</option>
    <option value="SW30HRLE-400i">SW30HRLE-400i</option>
    <option value="SW30HRLE-400">SW30HRLE-400</option>
    <option value="SW30HRLE-370/34i">SW30HRLE-370/34i</option>
    <option value="SW30HR-380">SW30HR-380</option>
    <option value="BW30HR-440i">BW30HR-440i</option>
    <option value="BW30-440i">BW30-440i</option>
    <option value="BW30-400/34i">BW30-400/34i</option>
    <option value="BW30-400">BW30-400</option>
    <option value="BW30-365">BW30-365</option>
    <option value="BW30XFR-400/34i">BW30XFR-400/34i</option>
    <option value="BW30FR-400/34i">BW30FR-400/34i</option>
    <option value="BW30FR-400">BW30FR-400</option>
    <option value="BW30FR-365">BW30FR-365</option>
    <option value="XFRLE-400/34i">XFRLE-400/34i</option>
    <option value="HRLE-440i">HRLE-440i</option>
    <option value="XLE-440">XLE-440</option>
    <option value="LE-440i">LE-440i</option>
    <option value="XLE-440">XLE-440</option>
    <option value="XLE-2530">XLE-2530</option>
    <option value="NF90-400">NF90-400</option>
    <option value="NF270-400">NF270-400</option>
    <option value="other">Other</option>
    </select>
    </div>
    <div id="Hydranautics" class="membraneModels Hydranautics" style="display: none;">
    <select class="form-control membrane-model-form Hyrdanautics" id="membraneModelHydranautics" name="membraneModelHydranautics">
    <option value="SWC1-4040">SWC1-4040</option>
    <option value="SWC3">SWC3</option>
    <option value="SWC4+">SWC4+</option>
    <option value="SWC5">SWC5</option>
    <option value="SWC6">SWC6</option>
    <option value="CPA2">CPA2</option>
    <option value="CPA3">CPA3</option>
    <option value="CPA4">CPA4</option>
    <option value="CPA5-LD">CPA5-LD</option>
    <option value="ESPA1">ESPA1</option>
    <option value="ESPA2">ESPA2</option>
    <option value="ESPA2+">ESPA2+</option>
    <option value="ESPA4">ESPA4</option>
    <option value="LFC1">LFC1</option>
    <option value="LFC3">LFC3</option>
    <option value="LFC3-LD">LFC3-LD</option>
    <option value="ESNA1-LF2-LD">ESNA1-LF2-LD</option>
    <option value="ESNA1-LF-LD">ESNA1-LF-LD</option>
    <option value="other">Other</option>
    </select>
    </div>
    <div id="CSM" class="membraneModels CSM" style="display: none;">
    <select class="form-control membrane-model-form CSM" id="membraneModelCSM" name="membraneModelCSM">
    <option value="RE8040-SHN">RE8040-SHN</option>
    <option value="RE8040-SHN400">RE8040-SHN400</option>
    <option value="RE8040-SH">RE8040-SH</option>
    <option value="RE8040-SHF400">RE8040-SHF400</option>
    <option value="RE8040-SHA400">RE8040-SHA400</option>
    <option value="RE8040-CE">RE8040-CE</option>
    <option value="RE8040-BR400">RE8040-BR400</option>
    <option value="RE8040-BE">RE8040-BE</option>
    <option value="RE8040-BE440">RE8040-BE440</option>
    <option value="RE8040-BN">RE8040-BN</option>
    <option value="RE8040-BR">RE8040-BR</option>
    <option value="NE8040-90">NE8040-90</option>
    <option value="NE8040-70">NE8040-70</option>
    <option value="other">Other</option>
    </select>
    </div>
    <div id="GE" class="membraneModels GE" style="display: none;">
    <select class="form-control membrane-model-form GE" id="membraneModelGE" name="membraneModelGE">
    <option value="AE-400">AE-400</option>
    <option value="AD-400">AD-400</option>
    <option value="Industrial-RO3-8040F35">Industrial RO3 8040F35</option>
    <option value="Industrial-RO3-8040F50">Industrial RO3 8040F50</option>
    <option value="Industrial-RO5-8040F50">Industrial RO5 8040F50</option>
    <option value="OSMO-BEV-ULE-CG-WT">OSMO-BEV-ULE-CG-WT</option>
    <option value="MUNI-RO-400-HR-LE">MUNI-RO-400-HR-LE</option>
    <option value="AK-400">AK-400</option>
    <option value="MUNI-RO-400-HR">MUNI-RO-400-HR</option>
    <option value="SE8040C30">SE8040C30</option>
    <option value="SG8040F30">SG8040F30</option>
    <option value="OSMO-BEV-NF-FF">OSMO-BEV-NF-FF</option>
    <option value="other">Other</option>
    </select>
    </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-6 sr-only">
<label class="control-label sr-only" for="testedFlux">Flux:</label>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="testedFlux" name="testedFlux" placeholder="Flux" data-bv-notempty="true" data-bv-notempty-message="Flux is required to calculate permeability." data-bv-stringlength="true" data-bv-stringlength-max="10" data-bv-stringlength-message="Flux must be less than 10 characters in length." data-bv-regexp="true" data-bv-regexp-regexp="^[0-9]+([\.][0-9]+)?$" data-bv-regexp-message="Please enter a number greater than 0." />
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="dropdown">
    <select class="form-control flux-form" id="testedFluxUnits" name="testedFluxUnits">
    <option value="1">L/m²/h</option>
    <option value="2">Gallons/ft²/day</option>
    <option value="3">m/s</option>
    </select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-6 sr-only">
<label class="control-label sr-only" for="testedPressure">Pressure:</label>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="testedPressure" name="testedPressure" placeholder="Pressure" data-bv-notempty="true" data-bv-notempty-message="Pressure is required to calculate permeability." data-bv-stringlength="true" data-bv-stringlength-max="10" data-bv-stringlength-message="Pressure must be less than 10 characters in length." data-bv-regexp="true" data-bv-regexp-regexp="^[0-9]+([\.][0-9]+)?$" data-bv-regexp-message="Please enter a number greater than 0." />
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<div class="dropdown">
    <select class="form-control pessure-form" id="testedPressureUnits" name="testedPressureUnits">
    <option value="1">psi</option>
    <option value="2">bar</option>
    <option value="3">kPa</option>
    </select>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="row">
<div class="form-group">
<div class="col-sm-6 sr-only">
<label class="control-label sr-only" for="NaClRejection">NaCl rejection (% NaCl rejection):</label>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="NaClRejection" name="NaClRejection" placeholder="% NaCl Rejection" data-bv-notempty="true" data-bv-notempty-message="Salt rejection is required and cannot be empty." data-bv-stringlength="true" data-bv-stringlength-max="10" data-bv-stringlength-message="The salt rejection must be less than 10 characters in length." data-bv-regexp="true" data-bv-regexp-regexp="^[0-9]+([\.][0-9]+)?$" data-bv-regexp-message="Please enter a number between 0 and 100." />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body></html>
</div>
<ul class="list-group">
<li class="list-group-item">[[Standardised RO Testing|Find out more about standard testing methods.]]</li>
</ul>
<div class="panel-heading" alt="Drag and drop the following parameters such that the most important parameter to you is at the top and least important at the bottom.">Please order the following criteria in the order of importance for your project (drag and drop):</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<html><head></head><body>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6">
<ul class="sortable-criteria list-group">
  <li class="ui-state-default list-group-item" id="crit-financial" alt="Financial" value="1">Minimal Financial Impact</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default list-group-item" id="crit-effort" alt="Effort required" value="2">Low Project Complexity</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default list-group-item" id="crit-environment" alt="Environmental impact" value="3">Minimal Environmental Impact</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default list-group-item" id="crit-landfill" alt="Landfill impact" value="4">Minimal Landfill Impact</li>
  <li class="ui-state-default list-group-item" id="crit-perception" alt="Public perception" value="5">Positive Public Perception</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6">
<div id="most_to_least_importance">
    <img alt="Rank from most important to least important." title="" src="http://www.desalwiki.che.unsw.edu.au/w/images/c/c5/Inverted-pyramid.png" />
</div><!-- most_to_least_importance -->
</div>
</div>
</body></html>
</div>
<ul class="list-group">
<li class="list-group-item">[[MemEOL Assessment Criteria|Find out more about the assessment criteria.]]</li>
</ul>
<!--<div class="panel-body form-horizontal">--><html><head></head><body>
<div class="form-group">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block memEOL-submit">Submit</button>
</div></form></body></html><!--</div>-->
</div><!-- reuse_tool_section1 -->

<div id="reuse_tool_section2" class="tab-pane panel panel-primary fade">
<div class="panel-heading" alt="Based on information provided:">Based on information provided:</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<html><head></head><body>
<div class="membrane-performance-table">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<thead><tr><th></th><th>Permeability (L/m²/h/bar)</th><th>NaCl Rejection (%)</th></tr></thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>Original Performance - data from supplier website</td>
<td><div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM820C-370" style="display: none;">0.500</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM820C-400" style="display: none;">0.501</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM820f-400" style="display: none;">0.695</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM820e-400" style="display: none;">0.576</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM820L-400" style="display: none;">0.941</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM820R-400" style="display: none;">0.656</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM820K-400" style="display: none;">0.446</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30XKR-440i" style="display: none;">0.463</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30ULE-440i" style="display: none;">0.841</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30XLE-440i" style="display: none;">0.694</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30HRLE-440i" style="display: none;">0.574</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30XHR-400i" style="display: none;">0.468</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30ULE-400i" style="display: none;">0.848</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30XLE-400i" style="display: none;">0.693</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30HRLE-400i" style="display: none;">0.570</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30HRLE-400" style="display: none;">0.570</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30HRLE-370/34i" style="display: none;">0.550</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SW30HR-380" style="display: none;">0.493</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SWC1-4040" style="display: none;">0.535</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SWC3" style="display: none;">0.491</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SWC4+" style="display: none;">0.501</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SWC5" style="display: none;">0.693</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SWC6" style="display: none;">0.927</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-SHN" style="display: none;">0.499</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-SHN400" style="display: none;">0.500</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-SH" style="display: none;">0.750</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-SHF400" style="display: none;">0.746</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-SHA400" style="display: none;">0.577</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate AE-400" style="display: none;">0.692</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate AD-400" style="display: none;">0.576</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM720-370" style="display: none;">2.909</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM720-400" style="display: none;">2.885</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM720-430" style="display: none;">2.892</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TM720L-400" style="display: none;">2.406</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TML20-370" style="display: none;">2.909</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TML20-400" style="display: none;">2.885</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TMG20-400" style="display: none;">2.885</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TMG20-430" style="display: none;">2.892</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TMMH20A-370" style="display: none;">3.111</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TMH20A-400" style="display: none;">3.109</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate TMH20A-430" style="display: none;">3.108</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30HR-440i" style="display: none;">3.156</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30-440i" style="display: none;">2.827</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30-400/34i" style="display: none;">2.893</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30-400" style="display: none;">2.893</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30-365" style="display: none;">2.853</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30XFR-400/34i" style="display: none;">3.110</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30FR-400/34i" style="display: none;">2.893</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30FR-400" style="display: none;">2.893</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate BW30FR-365" style="display: none;">2.853</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate XFRLE-400/34i" style="display: none;">3.182</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate HRLE-440i" style="display: none;">3.156</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate XLE-440" style="display: none;">3.156</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate LE-440i" style="display: none;">4.750</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate XLE-440" style="display: none;">6.281</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate XLE-2530" style="display: none;">7.432</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate CPA2" style="display: none;">3.004</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate CPA3" style="display: none;">2.965</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate CPA4" style="display: none;">1.642</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate CPA5-LD" style="display: none;">3.009</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate ESPA1" style="display: none;">4.848</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate ESPA2" style="display: none;">3.641</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate ESPA2+" style="display: none;">4.848</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate ESPA4" style="display: none;">7.388</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate LFC1" style="display: none;">3.011</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate LFC3" style="display: none;">2.601</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate LFC3-LD" style="display: none;">3.009</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-CE" style="display: none;">2.322</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-BR400" style="display: none;">1.801</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-BE" style="display: none;">2.871</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-BE440" style="display: none;">2.860</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-BN" style="display: none;">2.853</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate RE8040-BR" style="display: none;">1.728</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate Industrial-RO3-8040F35" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate Industrial-RO3-8040F50" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate Industrial-RO5-8040F50" style="display: none;">2.909880565
</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate OSMO-BEV-ULE-CG-WT" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate MUNI-RO-400-HR-LE" style="display: none;">5.015</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate AK-400" style="display: none;">6.582</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate MUNI-RO-400-HR" style="display: none;">2.868</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SE8040C30" style="display: none;">1.272</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate SG8040F30" style="display: none;">2.420</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate NF90-400" style="display: none;">6.634</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate NF270-400" style="display: none;"></div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate ESNA1-LF2-LD" style="display: none;">8.574</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate ESNA1-LF-LD" style="display: none;">6.695</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate NE8040-90" style="display: none;">6.362</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate NE8040-70" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-permeate OSMO-BEV-NF-FF" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
</td>
<td><div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM820C-370" style="display: none;">99.75</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM820C-400" style="display: none;">99.75</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM820f-400" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM820e-400" style="display: none;">99.75</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM820L-400" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM820R-400" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM820K-400" style="display: none;">99.86</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30XKR-440i" style="display: none;">99.82</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30ULE-440i" style="display: none;">99.6</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30XLE-440i" style="display: none;">99.6</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30HRLE-440i" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30XHR-400i" style="display: none;">99.82</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30ULE-400i" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30XLE-400i" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30HRLE-400i" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30HRLE-400" style="display: none;">99.6</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30HRLE-370/34i" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SW30HR-380" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SWC1-4040" style="display: none;">99.6</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SWC3" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SWC4+" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SWC5" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SWC6" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-SHN" style="display: none;">99.75</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-SHN400" style="display: none;">99.75</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-SH" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-SHF400" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-SHA400" style="display: none;">99.75</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection AE-400" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection AD-400" style="display: none;">99.75</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM720-370" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM720-400" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM720-430" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TM720L-400" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TML20-370" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TML20-400" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TMG20-400" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TMG20-430" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TMMH20A-370" style="display: none;">99.3</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TMH20A-400" style="display: none;">99.3</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection TMH20A-430" style="display: none;">99.3</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30HR-440i" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30-440i" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30-400/34i" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30-400" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30-365" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30XFR-400/34i" style="display: none;">99.65</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30FR-400/34i" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30FR-400" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection BW30FR-365" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection XFRLE-400/34i" style="display: none;">99.4</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection HRLE-440i" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection XLE-440" style="display: none;">99.3</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection LE-440i" style="display: none;">99.3</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection XLE-440" style="display: none;">99</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection XLE-2530" style="display: none;">99</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection CPA2" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection CPA3" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection CPA4" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection CPA5-LD" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection ESPA1" style="display: none;">99.3</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection ESPA2" style="display: none;">99.6</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection ESPA2+" style="display: none;">99.6</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection ESPA4" style="display: none;">99.2</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection LFC1" style="display: none;">99.4</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection LFC3" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection LFC3-LD" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-CE" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-BR400" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-BE" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-BE440" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-BN" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection RE8040-BR" style="display: none;">99.7</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection Industrial-RO3-8040F35" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection Industrial-RO3-8040F50" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection Industrial-RO5-8040F50" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection OSMO-BEV-ULE-CG-WT" style="display: none;">Not Available</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection MUNI-RO-400-HR-LE" style="display: none;">99.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection AK-400" style="display: none;">99.3</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection MUNI-RO-400-HR" style="display: none;">99.8</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SE8040C30" style="display: none;">98.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection SG8040F30" style="display: none;">98.5</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection NF90-400" style="display: none;">85</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection NF270-400" style="display: none;"></div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection ESNA1-LF2-LD" style="display: none;">83</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection ESNA1-LF-LD" style="display: none;">86</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection NE8040-90" style="display: none;">90</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection NE8040-70" style="display: none;">55</div>
<div class="orig-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection OSMO-BEV-NF-FF" style="display: none;">60</div>
</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Current Performance - based on supplied inputs</td>
<td><div class="curr-membrane-performance-permeate" style="display: none;"></div></td>
<td><div class="curr-membrane-performance-nacl-rejection" style="display: none;"></div></td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6"><div class="form-group">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block memEOL-questions">Change Inputs</button>
</div></div><div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6"><div class="form-group">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block memEOL-feedback">Recommendations</button>
</div></div></div>
</div></div><!-- reuse_tool_section2 -->
</body></html>
<div id="reuse_tool_section3" class="tab-pane panel panel-primary fade">
<div class="panel-heading" alt="Based on your inputs, the optimum end-of-life scenario for your used membrane is:">Based on your inputs, the optimum end-of-life scenario for your used membrane is:</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<html><head></head><body>
<div class="recommendation landfill alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Disposal in local landfill." style="display: none;"><h4>Disposal in local landfill</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation landfill" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation landfill" style="display: none;">
Landfill is currently the industry standard for disposal of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes. Due to their mostly polymeric composition, membranes are considered inert municipal solid waste in the case of landfill disposal, with no degradation over a measureable time period. Therefore, disposal in landfill has the highest environmental impact of all the considered options, and should be avoided where possible; however, it is the simplest option, with minimal cost.
</body></html>
[[File:Picture of old membranes brightened.jpg|center|x450px|End-of-life membranes awaiting transportation to landfill (Courtesy of NCEDA)']]
''End-of-life membranes awaiting transportation to landfill (Courtesy of NCEDA)''
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="recommendation incineration alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Energy recovery through incineration." style="display: none;"><h4>Energy recovery through incineration</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation incineration" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Limited</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation incineration" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Incineration is a thermal waste treatment method that involves the combustion of materials to produce ash, gas emissions and heat. It is attractive because of the reduction in volume of garbage over 90% and the generation of usable energy<ref name="saikia" />, and therefore is commonly used in countries with strict land use requirements, such as Singapore and Japan<ref name="tan" />.  However, while current technology makes it possible to operate incineration plants with significantly reduced emissions, the environmental impact is still high, and there is a large public and political resistance against incineration in Australia<ref name="abs" />. Due to these factors, there is currently no large scale industrial waste incineration industry in Australia.

===References===
<references>
<ref name="saikia">Saikia, N.; de Brito, J. Construction and Building Materials (2012), 34, 385-401.</ref>
<ref name="tan">Tan, R. B. H.; Khoo, H. H. "Impact Assessment of Waste Management Options
in Singapore." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (2006), 56, 244–254.</ref>
<ref name="abs">Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australia’s Environment: Issues and Trends. (2010). Available at [[www.abs.gov.au]].</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="recommendation syngas alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Energy recovery though syngas production." style="display: none;"><h4>Energy recovery though syngas production</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation syngas" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Emerging</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation syngas" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Syngas (synthetic gas), otherwise known as gasification, which involves the production of fuel from solid plastic waste<ref name="wu" />. Gasification is the partial oxidation of carbon-based feedstock to generate syngas, which is often directly combusted onsite in an internal combustion engine generator to produce electricity<ref name="al-salem" />. Oxygen is added to maintain a reducing atmosphere, but the quantity is maintained lower than the stoichiometric ratio for complete combustion. This process has a number of advantages over traditional incineration including reduced air emissions and the production of a usable fuel product. Due to these advantages, this type of tertiary treatment of plastic waste is seen as an environmentally favourable option with the advantage of significant landfill waste adversion<ref name="lawler-2014-B" />. As there is a growing number of companies in Australia (and around the world) that use this process with plastic waste, with many small scale trial plants opening. Australian companies using this or similar technology include, [http://www.bioplant.com/ Bioplant], [http://www.pacificpyrolysis.com/ Pacific Pyrolysis Pty Ltd], and [http://www.newenergycorp.com.au/ New Energy Corp].

===References===
<references>
<ref name="wu">Wu, C.; Williams, P. T. Fuel (2010), 89, 3022-3032.</ref>
<ref name="al-salem">Al-Salem, S. M.; Lettieri, P.; Baeyens, J. Waste Management (2009), 56, 244–254.</ref>
<ref name="lawler-2014-B">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. Desalination (2014), 357, 45-54.</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="recommendation eaf alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Energy recovery through use as a coke substitute in Electric Arc Furnaces." style="display: none;"><h4>Energy recovery through use as a coke substitute in Electric Arc Furnaces</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation eaf" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Emerging</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Emerging</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation eaf" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
The use of polymeric membrane components as a substitute carbon source in electric arc furnace steel making process is a new end-of-life approach with many financial and environmental benefits, specifically in terms of diverting waste from landfill<ref name="lawler-2014-C" />. The use of waste plastic and rubber as a substitute for metallurgical coke has been extensively tested in recent years and has also seen commercial use<ref name="sahajwalla" />. This method has been specifically tested with membrane components and the results show that 64% by weight of membrane modules are compatible, including the membrane sheets, as well as the feed and permeate spacers<ref name="lawler-2014-D" />. 

[[File:EAF.PNG|center|371px|Electric Arc Furnace]]
''Electric Arc Furnace''

A partial waste polymeric material substitute actually improves the process though increased energy retainment and promotion of the foamy slag, which help protects the electrodes and walls of the furnace. There are however strict requirements for feed quality for this process and any type of contamination can lead to a negative impact on steel quality. Therefore, after the membrane components have been grown to the required size, the material needs to be thoroughly washed to remove any contamination from membrane use. This end-of-life option is most suitable for membrane users with a large number of membranes, or when constant replacement is required.

While a number of electric arc furnace plants around the world are now using this technology, there is no streamlined recycling program for additional waste streams. Therefore, membrane users with a large number of membranes should contact companies willing to participate. Companies in Australia that are currently using this technique include [http://www.bluescopesteel.com.au/ Bluescope Steel].

===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-C">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. Desalination (2014), 357, 45-54.</ref>
<ref name="sahajwalla">Sahajwalla, V.; Zaharia, M.; Kongkarat, S.; Khanna, R.; Rahman, M.; Saha-Chaudhury, N.; O’Kane, P.; Dicker, J.; Skidmore, C.; Knights, D. Energy & Fuels (2012), 26, 58-66.</ref>
<ref name="lawler-2014-D">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="recommendation material_recycling alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Material recycling." style="display: none;"><h4>Material recycling</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation material_recycling" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Possible but limited</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation material_recycling" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Recycling of the polymeric membrane components using standard methods has been shown to be one of the most environmentally favourable end-of-life options, with an extremely positive public perception<ref name="lawler-2014-E" />.

The primary recycling method for end-of-life plastic components is mechanical recycling<ref name="a-vard" />, which involves the components being shredded into plastic flakes, which are melted and reformed via melt-extrusion, to produce uniformly-sized pellets which can be used as a raw material for new products<ref name="brulliard" />. This process requires the module to be disassembled and sorted prior to the plastic washing and grinding stages. Due to the requirements of mechanical recycling, only the ABS components, including the tube and end caps, and the spacers are suitable for this method, with all other components being sent to landfill or other end-of-life application<ref name="goodship" />.  

[[File:Membrane comp graph.png|center|630px|Major components of RO membranes]]
''Major components of RO membranes''

In Australia, the overall plastic recycling rate was 20.1% (in 2011), with the majority of plastics being mechanically reprocessed into durable (non-packaging) products<ref name="pacia" />. There are a wide range of companies and programs available for this standard type of plastic recycling currently available in Australia, including [http://www.sita.com.au SITA] and [http://www.aprecycling.com AP Recycling].

As manual disassembly is required for mechanical recycling, there is also an opportunity to directly reuse some of the membrane components, saving on the cost of processing. These opportunities include, the use of ground plastic components as an aggregate for use in concrete<ref name="saikia" />; the use of membrane sheets and spaces as geotextiles, which are used to separate and retain soils or gravel in landscaping or construction application<ref name="ould" />; and their use in wood plastic composites, which are produced by mixing recycled plastics with ground wood particles to produce decking, roof tiles, cladding, landscaping timbers etc<ref name="kazemi" />.

===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-E">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
<ref name="a-vard">A’Vard, D.; O’Farrell, K. National Recycling Survey Final Report; Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association: Carlton, VIC (2013)</ref>
<ref name="brulliard">Brulliard, C.; Cain, R.; Do, D.; Dornom, T.; Lim, B.; Olesson, E.; Young, S. "The Australian recycling sector." Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2012). Available at www.environment.gov.au</ref>
<ref name="goodship">Goodship, V. "Introduction to Plastic Recycling". Smithers Rapra Technology Limited: Shawbury UK (2007)</ref>
<ref name="pacia">PACIA. "Plastic recycling in Australia remains strong" (2012)</ref>
<ref name="saikia">Saikia, N.; de Brito, J. Construction and Building Materials (2012), 34, 385-401.</ref>
<ref name="ould">Ould Mohamedou, E.; Penate Suarez, D. B.; Vince, F.; Jaouen, P.; Pontie, M. Desalination (2010), 253, 62–70.</ref>
<ref name="kazemi">Kazemi Najafi, S. Waste management; New York (2013)</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="recommendation conversion_to_uf alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Chemical conversion to an ultrafiltration membrane and then reuse." style="display: none;"><h4>Chemical conversion to an ultrafiltration membrane and then reuse</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation conversion_to_uf" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation conversion_to_uf" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Given the nature of the composite construction used in RO production, relatively simple conversion from an RO to ultrafiltration (UF) membrane is possible<ref name="lawler-2014-F" />. The structure of an RO membrane can be seen in the image below, and flat sheet UF membranes have an extremely similar construction, but are just missing the top polyamide layer. By chemically degrading the polyamide active layer with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), the polysulfone layer is exposed, resulting in a membrane with properties extremely similar to commercially available UF membranes<ref name="lawler-2014-G" />.

[[File:XsectionVn2 029-Edit.jpg|center|630px|Cross section structure of an RO membrane.]]
''Cross section structure of an RO membrane.''

The method for chemical conversion of RO membranes has been optimised, with controlled exposure to 300,000 ppm.hr of NaOCl resulting in organic and virus removal properties, and hydraulic performance, comparable to commercially available 10 – 30 kDa molecular weight cut off UF membranes. Potential applications for the converted RO membranes include use in pre-treatment filtration in desalination plant, waste water treatment or for low cost water treatment in developing areas.

This promising end-of-life application how now been extensively validated, and is ready for a trial application. If you require a series of extremely low cost, environmentally friendly, spiral wound UF membranes, please contact Pierre Le-Clech ([mailto:p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au]) for further information.

===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-F">Lawler, W.; Antony, A.; Cran, M.; Duke, M.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. Journal of Membrane Science (2013), 447, 203-211</ref>
<ref name="lawler-2014-G">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<!--<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct membrane reuse." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct membrane reuse</h4></div>-->
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-0 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a high quality seawater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a high quality seawater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-1 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a high quality brackishwater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a high quality brackishwater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-2 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a medium quality brackishwater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a medium quality brackishwater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-3 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a low quality brackishwater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a low quality brackishwater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-4 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a medium quality nanofiltration membranes" style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a medium quality nanofiltration membranes</h4></div>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Direct membrane reuse is one of the most favourable end-of-life options across all categories, and is recommended for all situations where it is possible<ref name="lawler-2014-H" />. Direct membrane reuse involves taking membranes that have been deemed unsuitable for their primary application from one plant and transporting them to a secondary plant, potentially for use in harsh conditions were high replacement rates makes low cost second hand modules economically attractive.

Although direct reuse of used membranes without any additional treatment is obviously preferred, appropriate assessment of their current performances, further validation and potential chemical cleaning will most likely be required. Information on the used membrane performance from the plant of origin, as well as a number of additional monitoring and characterisation methods, can enable a tailored cleaning system to be developed<ref name="pontie" />. Based on the type of feed water used and location of the RO membranes within the filtration train, standard chemical cleaning protocols could be established in order to efficiently remove most of the fouling/scaling that may have occurred during the filtration. A critical step in this reuse process is the validation of the cleaned membranes, as integrity, permeability and rejection must be demonstrated before the membranes can be successfully reused.

To date, one US-based company, [http://www.watersurplus.com WaterSurplus], has recognised the potential directly reusing membranes.  The company offers a wide range of surplus new, as well as used, cleaned and repackaged, RO, UF and NF Membranes and associated equipment. While a third party company managing the reuse process is helpful, it is not necessary for its success. The long term goal of this MemEOL tool is to develop a database of used membranes, which will help directly connect primary and secondary users. If you currently have membranes that you would like to provide for direct reuse, or are looking for low cost used membranes, please contact Pierre Le-Clech ([mailto:p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au]) for further information.

Based on the inputs provided, the used membranes have been categorised in the table below. Please refer to this table for information about potential applications, quality ranking and expected reuse lifespan.
</div>
<html><head></head><body>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr class="">
<th>NaCl rejection range (%)</th>
<th>Permeability range (L.m⁻².h⁻¹.bar⁻¹)</th>
<th>Designation</th>
<th>Action</th>
<th>Estimated reuse lifespan (yrs)</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-0">
<td>99.9 - 99.6</td>
<td>> 0.45</td>
<td>High quality SWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as SWRO possible in normal applications</td>
<td>2 –5</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-1">
<td>99.7 - 99.2</td>
<td>> 1.6</td>
<td>High quality BWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as BWRO possible in normal applications</td>
<td>2 – 3</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-2">
<td>99.2 – 98</td>
<td>> 1.6</td>
<td>Medium quality BWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as BWRO in standard applications possible</td>
<td>1 – 2</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-3">
<td>98 – 96</td>
<td>> 1</td>
<td>Low quality BWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as BWRO in harsh applications where regular replacement is required</td>
<td>1</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-4">
<td>96 – 80</td>
<td>> 5</td>
<td>Medium quality NF</td>
<td>Direct reuse as NF membrane possible</td>
<td>-</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-5">
<td>< 96</td>
<td>< 5</td>
<td>Unsuitable for RO or NF</td>
<td>Membrane suitable for UF conversion.</td>
<td>-</td></tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="recommendation reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-H">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
<ref name="pontie">Pontié, M.; Rapenne, S.; Thekkedath, A.; Duchesne, J.; Jacquemet, V.; Leparc, J. Desalination (2005), 181, 75-90</ref>
</references>
</div></div><!-- recommended -->
<div class="panel-heading" alt="A suitable alternative is:">A suitable alternative is:</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<html><head></head><body>
<div class="alternative landfill alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Disposal in local landfill." style="display: none;"><h4>Disposal in local landfill</h4></div>
<div class="alternative landfill" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative landfill" style="display: none;">
Landfill is currently the industry standard for disposal of end-of-life reverse osmosis membranes. Due to their mostly polymeric composition, membranes are considered inert municipal solid waste in the case of landfill disposal, with no degradation over a measureable time period. Therefore, disposal in landfill has the highest environmental impact of all the considered options, and should be avoided where possible; however, it is the simplest option, with minimal cost.
</body></html>
[[File:Picture of old membranes brightened.jpg|center|x450px|End-of-life membranes awaiting transportation to landfill (Courtesy of NCEDA)]]
''End-of-life membranes awaiting transportation to landfill (Courtesy of NCEDA)''
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="alternative incineration alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Energy recovery through incineration." style="display: none;"><h4>Energy recovery through incineration</h4></div>
<div class="alternative incineration" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Limited</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative incineration" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Incineration is a thermal waste treatment method that involves the combustion of materials to produce ash, gas emissions and heat. It is attractive because of the reduction in volume of garbage over 90% and the generation of usable energy<ref name="saikia" />, and therefore is commonly used in countries with strict land use requirements, such as Singapore and Japan<ref name="tan" />.  However, while current technology makes it possible to operate incineration plants with significantly reduced emissions, the environmental impact is still high, and there is a large public and political resistance against incineration in Australia<ref name="abs" />. Due to these factors, there is currently no large scale industrial waste incineration industry in Australia.

===References===
<references>
<ref name="saikia">Saikia, N.; de Brito, J. Construction and Building Materials (2012), 34, 385-401.</ref>
<ref name="tan">Tan, R. B. H.; Khoo, H. H. "Impact Assessment of Waste Management Options
in Singapore." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (2006), 56, 244–254.</ref>
<ref name="abs">Australian Bureau of Statistics. Australia’s Environment: Issues and Trends. (2010). Available at [[www.abs.gov.au]].</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="alternative syngas alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Energy recovery though syngas production." style="display: none;"><h4>Energy recovery though syngas production</h4></div>
<div class="alternative syngas" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Emerging</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative syngas" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Syngas (synthetic gas), otherwise known as gasification, which involves the production of fuel from solid plastic waste<ref name="wu" />. Gasification is the partial oxidation of carbon-based feedstock to generate syngas, which is often directly combusted onsite in an internal combustion engine generator to produce electricity<ref name="al-salem" />. Oxygen is added to maintain a reducing atmosphere, but the quantity is maintained lower than the stoichiometric ratio for complete combustion. This process has a number of advantages over traditional incineration including reduced air emissions and the production of a usable fuel product. Due to these advantages, this type of tertiary treatment of plastic waste is seen as an environmentally favourable option with the advantage of significant landfill waste adversion<ref name="lawler-2014-B" />. As there is a growing number of companies in Australia (and around the world) that use this process with plastic waste, with many small scale trial plants opening. Australian companies using this or similar technology include, [http://www.bioplant.com/ Bioplant], [http://www.pacificpyrolysis.com/ Pacific Pyrolysis Pty Ltd], and [http://www.newenergycorp.com.au/ New Energy Corp].

===References===
<references>
<ref name="wu">Wu, C.; Williams, P. T. Fuel (2010), 89, 3022-3032.</ref>
<ref name="al-salem">Al-Salem, S. M.; Lettieri, P.; Baeyens, J. Waste Management (2009), 56, 244–254.</ref>
<ref name="lawler-2014-B">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. Desalination (2014), 357, 45-54.</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="alternative eaf alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Energy recovery through use as a coke substitute in Electric Arc Furnaces." style="display: none;"><h4>Energy recovery through use as a coke substitute in Electric Arc Furnaces</h4></div>
<div class="alternative eaf" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Emerging</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Emerging</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative eaf" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
The use of polymeric membrane components as a substitute carbon source in electric arc furnace steel making process is a new end-of-life approach with many financial and environmental benefits, specifically in terms of diverting waste from landfill<ref name="lawler-2014-C" />. The use of waste plastic and rubber as a substitute for metallurgical coke has been extensively tested in recent years and has also seen commercial use<ref name="sahajwalla" />. This method has been specifically tested with membrane components and the results show that 64% by weight of membrane modules are compatible, including the membrane sheets, as well as the feed and permeate spacers<ref name="lawler-2014-D" />. 

[[File:EAF.PNG|center|371px|Electric Arc Furnace]]
''Electric Arc Furnace''

A partial waste polymeric material substitute actually improves the process though increased energy retainment and promotion of the foamy slag, which help protects the electrodes and walls of the furnace. There are however strict requirements for feed quality for this process and any type of contamination can lead to a negative impact on steel quality. Therefore, after the membrane components have been grown to the required size, the material needs to be thoroughly washed to remove any contamination from membrane use. This end-of-life option is most suitable for membrane users with a large number of membranes, or when constant replacement is required.

While a number of electric arc furnace plants around the world are now using this technology, there is no streamlined recycling program for additional waste streams. Therefore, membrane users with a large number of membranes should contact companies willing to participate. Companies in Australia that are currently using this technique include [http://www.bluescopesteel.com.au/ Bluescope Steel].

===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-C">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. Desalination (2014), 357, 45-54.</ref>
<ref name="sahajwalla">Sahajwalla, V.; Zaharia, M.; Kongkarat, S.; Khanna, R.; Rahman, M.; Saha-Chaudhury, N.; O’Kane, P.; Dicker, J.; Skidmore, C.; Knights, D. Energy & Fuels (2012), 26, 58-66.</ref>
<ref name="lawler-2014-D">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="alternative material_recycling alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Material recycling." style="display: none;"><h4>Material recycling</h4></div>
<div class="alternative material_recycling" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Possible but limited</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative material_recycling" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Recycling of the polymeric membrane components using standard methods has been shown to be one of the most environmentally favourable end-of-life options, with an extremely positive public perception<ref name="lawler-2014-E" />.

The primary recycling method for end-of-life plastic components is mechanical recycling<ref name="a-vard" />, which involves the components being shredded into plastic flakes, which are melted and reformed via melt-extrusion, to produce uniformly-sized pellets which can be used as a raw material for new products<ref name="brulliard" />. This process requires the module to be disassembled and sorted prior to the plastic washing and grinding stages. Due to the requirements of mechanical recycling, only the ABS components, including the tube and end caps, and the spacers are suitable for this method, with all other components being sent to landfill or other end-of-life application<ref name="goodship" />.

[[File:Membrane comp graph.png|center|630px|Major components of RO membranes]]
''Major components of RO membranes''

In Australia, the overall plastic recycling rate was 20.1% (in 2011), with the majority of plastics being mechanically reprocessed into durable (non-packaging) products<ref name="pacia" />. There are a wide range of companies and programs available for this standard type of plastic recycling currently available in Australia, including [http://www.sita.com.au SITA] and [http://www.aprecycling.com AP Recycling].

As manual disassembly is required for mechanical recycling, there is also an opportunity to directly reuse some of the membrane components, saving on the cost of processing. These opportunities include, the use of ground plastic components as an aggregate for use in concrete<ref name="saikia" />; the use of membrane sheets and spaces as geotextiles, which are used to separate and retain soils or gravel in landscaping or construction application<ref name="ould" />; and their use in wood plastic composites, which are produced by mixing recycled plastics with ground wood particles to produce decking, roof tiles, cladding, landscaping timbers etc<ref name="kazemi" />.

===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-E">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
<ref name="a-vard">A’Vard, D.; O’Farrell, K. National Recycling Survey Final Report; Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association: Carlton, VIC (2013)</ref>
<ref name="brulliard">Brulliard, C.; Cain, R.; Do, D.; Dornom, T.; Lim, B.; Olesson, E.; Young, S. "The Australian recycling sector." Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (2012). Available at www.environment.gov.au</ref>
<ref name="goodship">Goodship, V. "Introduction to Plastic Recycling". Smithers Rapra Technology Limited: Shawbury UK (2007)</ref>
<ref name="pacia">PACIA. "Plastic recycling in Australia remains strong" (2012)</ref>
<ref name="saikia">Saikia, N.; de Brito, J. Construction and Building Materials (2012), 34, 385-401.</ref>
<ref name="ould">Ould Mohamedou, E.; Penate Suarez, D. B.; Vince, F.; Jaouen, P.; Pontie, M. Desalination (2010), 253, 62–70.</ref>
<ref name="kazemi">Kazemi Najafi, S. Waste management; New York (2013)</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<div class="alternative conversion_to_uf alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Chemical conversion to an ultrafiltration membrane and then reuse." style="display: none;"><h4>Chemical conversion to an ultrafiltration membrane and then reuse</h4></div>
<div class="alternative conversion_to_uf" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative conversion_to_uf" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Given the nature of the composite construction used in RO production, relatively simple conversion from an RO to ultrafiltration (UF) membrane is possible<ref name="lawler-2014-F" />. The structure of an RO membrane can be seen in the image below, and flat sheet UF membranes have an extremely similar construction, but are just missing the top polyamide layer. By chemically degrading the polyamide active layer with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), the polysulfone layer is exposed, resulting in a membrane with properties extremely similar to commercially available UF membranes<ref name="lawler-2014-G" />.

[[File:XsectionVn2 029-Edit.jpg|center|630px|Cross section structure of an RO membrane.]]
''Cross section structure of an RO membrane.''

The method for chemical conversion of RO membranes has been optimised, with controlled exposure to 300,000 ppm.hr of NaOCl resulting in organic and virus removal properties, and hydraulic performance, comparable to commercially available 10 – 30 kDa molecular weight cut off UF membranes. Potential applications for the converted RO membranes include use in pre-treatment filtration in desalination plant, waste water treatment or for low cost water treatment in developing areas.

This promising end-of-life application how now been extensively validated, and is ready for a trial application. If you require a series of extremely low cost, environmentally friendly, spiral wound UF membranes, please contact Pierre Le-Clech ([mailto:p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au]) for further information.

===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-F">Lawler, W.; Antony, A.; Cran, M.; Duke, M.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. Journal of Membrane Science (2013), 447, 203-211</ref>
<ref name="lawler-2014-G">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
</references>
<html><head></head><body>
</div>
<!--<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct membrane reuse." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct membrane reuse</h4></div>-->
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-0 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a high quality seawater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a high quality seawater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-1 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a high quality brackishwater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a high quality brackishwater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-2 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a medium quality brackishwater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a medium quality brackishwater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-3 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a low quality brackishwater RO membranes." style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a low quality brackishwater RO membranes</h4></div>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro reuse_as_ro_subheading reuse-4 alert alert-success" role="alert" alt="Direct reuse as a medium quality nanofiltration membranes" style="display: none;"><h4>Direct reuse as a medium quality nanofiltration membranes</h4></div>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive">
<tbody><tr>
<td>Compatible with plastic components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Compatible with fibreglass components</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available in Australia</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Available globally</td>
<td>Yes</td>
</tr><tr>
<td>Manual disassembly required</td>
<td>No</td>
</tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
Direct membrane reuse is one of the most favourable end-of-life options across all categories, and is recommended for all situations where it is possible<ref name="lawler-2014-H" />. Direct membrane reuse involves taking membranes that have been deemed unsuitable for their primary application from one plant and transporting them to a secondary plant, potentially for use in harsh conditions were high replacement rates makes low cost second hand modules economically attractive.

Although direct reuse of used membranes without any additional treatment is obviously preferred, appropriate assessment of their current performances, further validation and potential chemical cleaning will most likely be required. Information on the used membrane performance from the plant of origin, as well as a number of additional monitoring and characterisation methods, can enable a tailored cleaning system to be developed<ref name="pontie" />. Based on the type of feed water used and location of the RO membranes within the filtration train, standard chemical cleaning protocols could be established in order to efficiently remove most of the fouling/scaling that may have occurred during the filtration. A critical step in this reuse process is the validation of the cleaned membranes, as integrity, permeability and rejection must be demonstrated before the membranes can be successfully reused.

To date, one US-based company, [http://www.watersurplus.com WaterSurplus], has recognised the potential directly reusing membranes.  The company offers a wide range of surplus new, as well as used, cleaned and repackaged, RO, UF and NF Membranes and associated equipment. While a third party company managing the reuse process is helpful, it is not necessary for its success. The long term goal of this MemEOL tool is to develop a database of used membranes, which will help directly connect primary and secondary users. If you currently have membranes that you would like to provide for direct reuse, or are looking for low cost used membranes, please contact Pierre Le-Clech ([mailto:p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au p.le-clech@unsw.edu.au]) for further information.

Based on the inputs provided, the used membranes have been categorised in the table below. Please refer to this table for information about potential applications, quality ranking and expected reuse lifespan. 
</div>

<html><head></head><body>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-responsive">
<thead>
<tr class="">
<th>NaCl rejection range (%)</th>
<th>Permeability range (L.m⁻².h⁻¹.bar⁻¹)</th>
<th>Designation</th>
<th>Action</th>
<th>Estimated reuse lifespan (yrs)</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-0">
<td>99.9 - 99.6</td>
<td>> 0.45</td>
<td>High quality SWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as SWRO possible in normal applications</td>
<td>2 –5</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-1">
<td>99.7 - 99.2</td>
<td>> 1.6</td>
<td>High quality BWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as BWRO possible in normal applications</td>
<td>2 – 3</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-2">
<td>99.2 – 98</td>
<td>> 1.6</td>
<td>Medium quality BWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as BWRO in standard applications possible</td>
<td>1 – 2</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-3">
<td>98 – 96</td>
<td>> 1</td>
<td>Low quality BWRO</td>
<td>Direct reuse as BWRO in harsh applications where regular replacement is required</td>
<td>1</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-4">
<td>96 – 80</td>
<td>> 5</td>
<td>Medium quality NF</td>
<td>Direct reuse as NF membrane possible</td>
<td>-</td></tr><tr class="tablerow-reuse tablerow-reuse-5">
<td>< 96</td>
<td>< 5</td>
<td>Unsuitable for RO or NF</td>
<td>Membrane suitable for UF conversion.</td>
<td>-</td></tr></tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="alternative reuse_as_ro" style="display: none;">
</body></html>
===References===
<references>
<ref name="lawler-2014-H">Lawler, W.; Alvarez-Gaitan, J.; Leslie, G.; Le-Clech, P. "Assessment of End-of-Life Opportunities for Reverse Osmosis Membranes." The University of New South Wales (2015).</ref>
<ref name="pontie">Pontié, M.; Rapenne, S.; Thekkedath, A.; Duchesne, J.; Jacquemet, V.; Leparc, J. Desalination (2005), 181, 75-90</ref>
</references>
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The information and recommendations provided in this tool are based solely on the limited inputs provided by the users. As a result, any recommendations automatically created by the tool have to be carefully considered before potential implementations. UNSW Australia and the authors of this tool will not liable for any loss of warranty or damage to equipment and membranes resulting from the recommendations provided here.
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